• Ru II complexes have been reported to be both duplex

  2022-03-17

  

  Ru(II) complexes have been reported to be both duplex and G-quadruplex structure stabilizers, and potent anticancer agents [[11], [12], [13], [14]]. Barton, Norden, as well as Ji groups have provided detailed information about recognition and reactions of classical duplex DNA by Ru complexes [[47],

• Binding of FGFs to FGFRs

  2022-03-17

  

  Binding of FGFs to FGFRs leads to receptor dimerization, resulting in the transphosphorylation of a tyrosine in the activation loop of the kinase domain. Subsequently, the activated FGFRs phosphorylate their intracellular receptor substrates, particularly FGFR substrate 2 (FRS2) and phospholipase Cγ

• br Fenton reaction based nanomaterials for ferroptosis In Fe

  2022-03-17

  

  Fenton reaction-based nanomaterials for ferroptosis In Fenton reaction, H2O2 is converted by Fe2+ or Fe3+ to highly oxidative ROS (Eqs. (1) and (2)), which is commonly used to catalyze the degradation of refractory organics [34]. Since the tumor microenvironment is characterized by low acidity an

• In neurons and neuroendocrine cells the productive fusion

  2022-03-17

  

  In neurons and neuroendocrine cells, the productive fusion pathway is thought to initiate with the Munc18-1/Syx1 complex (Ma et al., 2013, Hughson, 2013, Lai et al., 2017). The Munc13-1 MUN domain is able to catalyze opening of Syx1 (the transition from the Munc18-1/Syx1 complex to the SNARE complex

• Liposomes that are less than nm

  2022-03-17

  

  Liposomes that are less than 200nm in diameter are necessary to optimize uptake of liposomes by fccp mg (Oesterling et al., 2014). The liposomes constructed in these experiments were found to be sufficiently small in diameter for use in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Even smaller diameters are a

• Betahistine N methyl pyridyl ethylamine is a well known

  2022-03-17

  

  Betahistine (N-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine) is a well-known dual H1 HBX 41108 receptor agonist/H3 receptor antagonist with structural resemblance to histamine. Though it has been approved long before the discovery of H3R to treat disorders of vestibular function as Menières-Disease, the evidence

• Hippo pathway proteins could synergistically regulate germ c

  2022-03-17

  

  Hippo pathway proteins could synergistically regulate germ cell development with some specific receptors. Kassab et al. [27] found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was localized in testicular germ Fmoc-Asp-OAll and played important roles in bovine spermatogenesis. Likewise, insulin-like

• The first suggestion that the Hh pathway might be

  2022-03-17

  

  The first suggestion that the Hh pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease was reported at the beginning of this millennium by Shackel et al. who noted that Patch and Gli were upregulated in their microarray analysis of liver tissues from patients with primary biliary ch

• Failure of antioxidant defenses to remove

  2022-03-16

  

  Failure of antioxidant defenses to remove exogenous ROS produced by redox cycling chemicals either by being inhibited by those compounds or overwhelmed by an excess ROS, will disrupt the balance between antioxidant/prooxidant system within the organisms leading to oxidative damage (Livingstone, 2003

• A number of synthetic GPR agonists

  2022-03-16

  

  A number of synthetic GPR119 agonists have been reported to date, several of which have advanced into clinical trials. Reported GPR119 agonists are often composed of three parts as depicted in : a piperidine or a piperazine ring -substituted with a carbamate or a heteroaryl group at the right side,

• Cichlasoma dimerus as most teleost fish species present

  2022-03-16

  

  Cichlasoma dimerus, as most teleost fish species, present neurons expressing GnRH3 (Pandolfi et al., 2005). As in most salt inducible kinase species, the neurons expressing GnRH3 are mainly located in the NOR, although few neurons were detected in the olfactory bulb, ventral telencephalon and the PO

• Our study has some limitations that should

  2022-03-16

  

  Our study has some limitations that should be considered when the results are interpreted. First, we did not measure the protein levels of Bax and Bcl2, due to time and budget limitations. Although simultaneous measurements of both mRNA and protein levels are complementary for a better understanding

• A main finding of this study was that the impact

  2022-03-16

  

  A main finding of this study was that the impact of exogenous insulin on hippocampal memory and glucose utilization was GluT4-dependent. Although insulin was administered directly to the hippocampus, it is important to point out that such administration does indeed have physiological relevance; that

• The manner in which various residue side

  2022-03-16

  

  The manner in which various residue side chains are oriented in the active site of HsHxKIV was a driving factor for why glucosamine analogues could not bind, as we previously proposed [16]. These compounds would have difficulty managing access into the active site based on residue P153 in addition t

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction High intensity noise exp

  2022-03-16

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction High-intensity noise exposure has long been known to induce damage in the peripheral and central auditory system, often resulting in auditory pathologies such as hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis (Syka, 2002; Roberts et al., 2010). Within the inner ear, struc

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