• Recent findings imply that proper Na K

  2023-11-01

  

  Recent findings imply, that proper Na+/K+-ATPase function is crucial for unimpaired development of the vertebrate heart. Targeted knockout of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 in mice led to early embryonic lethality whereas heterozygous knockout mice displayed severe hypocontractile hearts [52]. Pharmacological inh

• Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have

  2023-11-01

  

  Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec

• The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first

  2023-11-01

  

  The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase-independent death effector. AIF can induce caspase-independent chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation to approximately 50 KB. AIF that is released to cytoplasm can mediate apoptosis when special extracellular signals trigger the o

• Coincident with APJ receptor several

  2023-11-01

  

  Coincident with APJ receptor, several cell types in the body can synthesize apelin protein. For example, the highest apelin concentrations in the body have been found in the rat central nervous system, pituitary gland, lungs, cardiac muscle, gastrointestinal tract and mammary glands, with lower valu

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2023-11-01

  

  Materials and methods Results In order to evaluate changes in the amount of PKC-θ expressed by MEL cells at different stages of the cell cycle, we measured the level of the kinase in cells collected from cultures containing 90% of cells in the interphase or 80% cells synchronized at the metaph

• br Concluding remarks br Definition Prion diseases are

  2023-11-01

  

  Concluding remarks Definition Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are caused by an unconventional agent that is neither bacterial nor viral, but is in essence an infectious misfolded amyloidogenic protein, termed a prion (Prusiner, 1982). Once considered highly controvers

• br Duality of interest br Contribution

  2023-11-01

  

  Duality of interest Contribution statement Acknowledgments Introduction Rapid, cell surface-initiated steroid actions have been reported for all major groups of steroid hormones and our understanding of membrane-mediated steroid actions has progressed rapidly over the last two decades. M

• Negative regulation of AR expression by

  2023-11-01

  

  Negative regulation of AR expression by NFκB was also correlated with the ‘age-dependent desensitisation’ of androgen action in the rat liver (Supakar et al., 1995). In this case the binding site was mapped upstream of the gene to sequences −555 to −565 bp, that binds heterodimers of p65 and p50, as

• Not all secondary metabolites or natural products can be ful

  2023-10-31

  

  Not all secondary metabolites or natural products can be fully synthesized due to their very complex structures that are too difficult and expensive on industrial scale. Hence, there is an urgent need to search for alternative remedies as naturally occurring biologically active secondary metabolites

• br Conclusions In sum enhanced incentive motivation in

  2023-10-31

  

  Conclusions In sum, enhanced incentive motivation in obesity-prone rats is mediated by NAc CP-AMPARs. These neurobehavioral differences may render obesity-susceptible populations more sensitive to the motivational influence of food cues, producing more intense, focused, “wanting” that may limit

• In contrast to the beneficial treatment of skin inflammation

  2023-10-31

  

  In contrast to the beneficial treatment of skin-inflammation with PAH containing coal tar, epidemiology showed that environmental pollution, containing AHR-activating PAH, lead to more eczema [80]. Of note, other epidemiological data suggested that Th17 cell polarization may be enhanced air pollutio

• Secondly as pointed out by Sulentic and Kaminski in

  2023-10-31

  

  Secondly, as pointed out by Sulentic and Kaminski in their recent paper [90], most of the AhR literature to date has focused on mouse AhR. Although both mouse and human AhR are interchangeable in many in vitro systems, the in vivo ligand binding affinity is drastically different between the two AhRs

• The results also showed that the A

  2023-10-31

  

  The results also showed that the A3 receptor agonist increased the phosphorylated levels of Akt, leading to activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. A3 LDE225 receptor stimulation has protective effects against RGC death following ischemia-reperfusion, glutamate toxicity, and optic nerve transection mod

• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular lev

  2023-10-31

  

  Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi

• br Results br Discussion Today enzymes play

  2023-10-31

  

  Results Discussion Today, enzymes play important roles in various fields. A good assay for enzyme activity is of great value, especially when it has good specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility and economy. ADK is the first identified enzyme in the metabolic pathway of adenosine salvage [15,

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